At what temperature is the incubation phase of the indirect antiglobulin test conducted?

The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is a critical procedure used in immunohematology to detect antibodies against red blood cells in a patient's serum. The incubation phase of the test is performed at 37°C. This temperature is optimal for promoting the binding of antibodies to their corresponding antigens on red blood cells. Higher temperatures enhance the interaction between these molecules, thereby improving the sensitivity of the test.

Incubating at a temperature lower than 37°C, such as at 25°C or 30°C, may result in weaker antibody binding and potentially lead to false-negative results. Similarly, incubating at a temperature higher than 37°C, such as at 40°C, could denature some proteins or alter the conformation of antibodies and antigens involved in the reaction, also negatively impacting the test results. Therefore, maintaining the incubation phase of the IAT at 37°C ensures the optimal conditions for antibody-antigen interactions.