Which condition is characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin S?

Prepare for the AAB Medical Technologist (MT) Generalist Exam with flashcards and multiple choice questions. Each question includes hints and explanations to boost your understanding. Get exam-ready now!

The condition characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin S is sickle cell anemia. This genetic disorder results from a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11, leading to the production of hemoglobin S, which differs from normal adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A).

Individuals with sickle cell anemia possess two sickle cell genes (HbSS), which means their red blood cells can change shape from the normal biconcave disc to a rigid, sickle shape under low oxygen conditions. These sickle-shaped red blood cells can lead to various complications, including pain episodes, increased risk of infection, and organ damage due to vaso-occlusive crises.

The other conditions listed, such as thalassemia, hemophilia, and pernicious anemia, involve different hematological abnormalities. Thalassemia results from defects in hemoglobin synthesis, leading to decreased production of one of the globin chains. Hemophilia is primarily a disorder of blood clotting due to deficiencies in clotting factors, while pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency and subsequent anemia. None of these conditions are characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S, making sickle cell anemia the

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