Which type of immunity develops when the body is exposed to disease or vaccines?

The correct choice is that immunity that develops when the body is exposed to disease or vaccines is referred to as Active or Acquired immunity. This type of immunity occurs when an individual’s immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen or an antigen introduced by vaccination.

When a person encounters a disease, their immune system recognizes the antigens present and activates a response to fight against the infection. Vaccination mimics this process by introducing a harmless component of the pathogen (like a killed or weakened form of the microbe) to trigger an immune response without causing the disease itself. As a result, the immune system produces high-affinity antibodies and memory cells that can provide long-term protection against future infections.

This form of immunity is distinguished from passive immunity, where antibodies are transferred from another source, such as a mother to her baby through breast milk, and innate immunity, which refers to the body's first line of defense against pathogens that does not adapt or change with exposure.